https://adventofcode.com/2021/day/15

Finding the shortest route through a cave, and then finding the shortest route through a slightly larger cave.

This solution uses Djikstra's Algorithm to perform a shortest path search through the cave. (A* with a zero heuristic degenerates to this)

For part 2 this solution transforms the lookup coordinates rather than to build a larger cave array. The reason for this is to reduce memory pressure especially when running the search on much larger maps.