#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
#include <cinttypes>

#include <doctest.h>

#include <aocpp/Startup.hpp>
#include <dlx.hpp>
using dlx::Dlx;

namespace {

using ValueType = std::uint64_t;
using FieldInfo = std::tuple<std::string, ValueType, ValueType, ValueType, ValueType>;
struct Input {
  std::vector<FieldInfo> ranges;
  std::vector<ValueType> your_ticket;
  std::vector<std::vector<ValueType>> nearby_tickets;
};

auto ParseTicket(std::string && str) -> std::vector<ValueType>
{
  std::istringstream in{std::move(str)};
  std::vector<ValueType> result;

  std::string word;
  while(std::getline(in, word, ',')) {
    result.push_back(std::stoull(word));
  }

  return result;
}

auto InRange(
  FieldInfo const& range,
  ValueType value
) -> bool
{
  auto const& [_,lo1,hi1,lo2,hi2] = range;
  return lo1 <= value && value <= hi1 || lo2 <= value && value <= hi2;
}

auto Parse(std::istream & in) -> Input
{
  Input input;

  std::string line;

  while (std::getline(in, line)) {
    if (line.empty()) break;
    
    auto start = line.find(':');
    if (start == std::string::npos || start + 2 > line.size()) { 
      throw std::runtime_error{"bad input"};
    }
    
    ValueType lo1, hi1, lo2, hi2;
    auto res = std::sscanf(
      line.c_str() + start + 2,
      "%" PRIu64 "-%" PRIu64 " or %" PRIu64 "-%" PRIu64,
      &lo1, &hi1, &lo2, &hi2);
    if (res != 4) throw std::runtime_error{"bad input"};

    input.ranges.emplace_back(line.substr(0, start), lo1, hi1, lo2, hi2);
  }

  if (!std::getline(in, line) ||
      line != "your ticket:" ||
      !std::getline(in, line)) {
    throw std::runtime_error{"bad input"};
  }

  input.your_ticket = ParseTicket(std::move(line));

  if (!std::getline(in, line) ||
      !line.empty() ||
      !std::getline(in, line) ||
      line != "nearby tickets:") {
    throw std::runtime_error{"bad input"};
  }

  while (std::getline(in, line)) {
    input.nearby_tickets.emplace_back(ParseTicket(std::move(line)));  
  }

  return input;
}

// Computes error rate and removes invalid tickets!
auto Part1(Input & input) -> ValueType {
  ValueType error_rate = 0;

  auto const is_good_value = [&](ValueType value) {
    return std::any_of(
      input.ranges.begin(), input.ranges.end(),
      [value](auto const& x) {
        return InRange(x, value);
      });
  };

  auto it = std::remove_if(
    input.nearby_tickets.begin(), input.nearby_tickets.end(),
    [&](auto const& ticket) {
      auto remove_ticket = false;
      for (auto const value : ticket) {
        if (!is_good_value(value)) {
          error_rate += value;
          remove_ticket = true;
        }
      }
      return remove_ticket;
    });
  input.nearby_tickets.erase(it, input.nearby_tickets.end());
  return error_rate;
}


auto Part2(Input const& input)
{
  // number of ranges in input
  auto const n = input.ranges.size();
 
  // Rows: field_id + n * field_position
  // Cols: fields then positions
  Dlx dlx;

  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (std::size_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
      auto const possible =
        std::all_of(
          input.nearby_tickets.begin(),
          input.nearby_tickets.end(),
          [&](auto const& ticket){
            return InRange(input.ranges[i], ticket[j]);
          });
      if (possible) {
        dlx.Set(i + n*j, i);
        dlx.Set(i + n*j, n + j);
      }
    }
  }

  ValueType result = 1;
  dlx::ForallCover(dlx, [&](auto const& sln) {
    for (auto const x : sln) {
      auto const field_id = x%n;
      auto const field_position = x/n;
      if (std::get<0>(input.ranges[field_id]).starts_with("departure")){
        result *= input.your_ticket[field_position];
      }
    }
    return true; // early exit
  });
  return result;
}

}

TEST_SUITE("documented examples") {
  TEST_CASE("part 1") {
    std::istringstream in {
      "class: 1-3 or 5-7\n"
      "row: 6-11 or 33-44\n"
      "seat: 13-40 or 45-50\n"
      "\n"
      "your ticket:\n"
      "7,1,14\n"
      "\n"
      "nearby tickets:\n"
      "7,3,47\n"
      "40,4,50\n"
      "55,2,20\n"
      "38,6,12\n"
    };

    auto input = Parse(in);
    REQUIRE(Part1(input) == 71);
  }
}

auto main(int argc, char** argv) -> int {
  auto input = Parse(*aocpp::Startup(argc, argv));
  std::cout << "Part 1: " << Part1(input) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Part 2: " << Part2(input) << std::endl;
}